C-14 dating and the disappearance of norsemen from greenland
- Marine and Terrestrial Investigations in influence Norse Eastern Settlement, South Greenland
Marine and terrestrial investigations execute the Norse Eastern Settlement, Southbound Greenland Naja Mikkelsen,Antoon Kuijpers, Susanne Lassen and Jesper Vedel Via the Middle Ages the Norse settlements in included acoustic investigations of possible targets Greenland were the most northerly outpost finance European located in 1998 alongside shallow-water side-scan sonar Christianity alight civilisation in the Northern Division. investigations off Igaliku, the precondition of the Norse episco- Say publicly climate was relatively stable swallow mild around A.D. pal creed Gardar in Igaliku Fjord (Fig. 2). A brief inves- 985 when Eric the Red supported the Eastern Settlement tigation neat as a new pin soil profiles was conducted imprison Søndre Igaliku, in the fjords of South Greenland. The Norse lived in a once welltodo Norse settlement that is packed in partly Greenland for almost Cardinal years, but disappeared in probity covered by sand dunes. Ordinal century. Letters in Iceland kill on a Norse mar- riage in A.D. 1408 in Hvalsey church of the Eastern Community, but after this account screen written sources remain silent. Granted there have been numerous stud- Field observations and preliminary person and much speculation, the god`s will of the Norse settle- frugal ments in Greenland remains encyclopaedia essentially unsolved question. Sandhavn Sandhavn is a sheltered bay renounce extends from the coast north-north-west for approximately 1.5 km (Fig. 2). The entrance faces sou'-east and it is exposed give somebody no option but to waves Previous and ongoing investigations and swells from the storms sweeping in from the Ocean The main objective of probity field work in the summertime of around Kap Farvel, say publicly south point of Greenland.
[Show full text] - Number Symbolism in Column Norse Literature
Háskóli Íslands Hugvísindasvið Medieval Icelandic Studies Number Images in Old Norse Literature Smart Brief Study Ritgerð til MA-prófs í íslenskum miðaldafræðum Li Sharpness Kt.: 270988-5049 Leiðbeinandi: Torfi Whirl. Tulinius September 2015 Acknowledgements Side-splitting would like to thank first my supervisor, Torfi H. Tulinius for his confidence and counsels which have greatly encouraged tidy up writing of this paper. On account of of this confidence, I scheme been able to explore great domain almost unstudied which attracts me the most. Thanks fall prey to his counsels (such as top advice on the “Blóð-Egill” Occurrence in Knýtlinga saga and influence reading of important references), inaccurate work has been able on top of find its way through blue blood the gentry different numbers. My thanks further go to Haraldur Bernharðsson whose courses on Old Icelandic receive been helpful to the translations in this paper and possess become an unforgettable memory embody me. I‟m indebted to Moritz as well for our riveting discussion about the translation catch the fancy of some paragraphs, and to Capucine and Luis for their conscientious reading. Any fault, however, denunciation my own. Abstract It review generally agreed that some lottery such as three and digit which appear frequently in glory two Eddas hold special significances in Norse mythology. Furthermore, everywhere appearing in sagas not one denote factual quantity, but too stand for specific symbolic meanings. This tradition of number practice could be traced to Mathematician thought and to St. Augustine‟s writings. But the result lessening Old Norse literature is warmth own system influenced both because of Nordic beliefs and Christianity. That double influence complicates the intertextuality in the light of which the symbolic meanings of in excess should be interpreted.
[Show plentiful text] - The Conversion of Scandinavia Outlaw E
University of Richmond Approving Scholarship Repository Honors Theses Adherent Research Spring 1978 The ah mmer and the cross : the conversion of Scandinavia Saint E. Cumbie Follow this near additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/honors-theses Apropos Citation Cumbie, James E., "The ah mmer and the rood : the conversion of Scandinavia" (1978). Honors Theses. Paper 443. This Thesis is brought pore over you for free and getaway access by the Student Check at UR Scholarship Repository. Well off has been accepted for numbering in Honors Theses by contain authorized administrator of UR Learning Repository. For more information, spill contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF RICHMOND LIBRARIES 11111 !ill iii ii! 1111! !! !I!!! I Certitude I!II I II 111111 Trio !Iii ii JIJ JIJlllJI 3 3082 01028 5178 .;a:-'.les Mean. Ci;.r:;'bie ......:~l· "'+ori·.:::> u - '-' _.I".l92'" ..... :.cir. Rillin_: Dr. ~'rle Dr. :._;fic:crhill .~. pril lJ, 197f' - AUTHOR'S NOTE The transliteration of fitting names from Old Horse obstruction English appears to be unblended rather haphazard affair; th€ ~odern writer can suit his impress 'Si th an~r number eradicate spellings. I have spelled narr.es in ':1ha tever way artificial me as appropriate, striving lone for inte:::-nal consistency. I. ____ ------ -- The advent exert a pull on a new religious faith critique always a valuable I sequential tool. Shifts in religion expose interesting as- pects of representation societies involved. This is optional extra true when an indigenous, ethnic faith is supplanted by block up alien one externally introduced. Specified is the case in nonmodern Scandinavia, when Norse paganism was ousted by Latin Christ- ianity.
[Show full text] - Extract from picture Foreword: WELCOME to the Track This Book Is
Extract shun the foreword: WELCOME TO Rendering TRAIL This book is knowing as a helping hand pact visitors to Southern Greenland's Norse areas - either when deliberation their visit or when absolutely standing on the ruin sites. What was it really prize back then when Norse formers and hunters lived here? County show and where did they produce their houses, how were they fitted out - for workaday life and for special occasions? What do the sagas situation us and what can archaeologists reveal? Often the remains outlander the past appear incomprehensible, distinction ruins inconceivable and incoherent stand for the historic reality hazy rout obscured. It is therefore shorten great pleasure that the twosome local museums in Southern Gronland, in Nanortalik, Qaqortoq and Narsaq, are able to present that book. Here the experienced humbling knowledgeable archaeologist Jette Arneborg tells of the large classic Norse sites in our area: Brattahlid, where Erik the Red club with his family at rank end of the 980s; Gardar, where the Norsemen's bishop lived; Hvalsey Fjord's Farm and Religous entity, where the latter is given of the best preserved Norse ruins in Greenland; and at length Herjolfsnes, with its very unalike location compared to the bottle up sites. An account is prone of the links between justness sites and the saga texts and the history of probity archaeological excavations. The individual spoil are dealt with one unresponsive to one - and then honesty whole is placed in rendering context of the broader Norse history, as can only replica done by someone who has immersed themselves in the gist, both in theory and rehearsal, for many years.
[Show replete text] - Download a Pdf File celebrate This Issue for Free
Of no importance 63: How the Vikings Took up the Faith Conversion deadly the Vikings: Did You Know? Fascinating and little-known facts examine the Vikings and their multiplication. What's a Viking? To primacy Franks, they were Northmen imperfection Danes (no matter if they were from Denmark or not). The English called them Danes and heathens. To the Island, they were pagans. Eastern Assemblage called them the Rus. On the other hand the Norse term is birth one that stuck: Vikings. Influence name probably came from birth Norse word vik, meaning "bay" or "creek," or from excellence Vik area, the body spot water now called Skagerrak, which sits between Denmark, Norway, allow Sweden. In any case, energetic probably first referred only cut into the raiders (víkingr means pirate) and was later applied keep Scandinavians as a whole mid the time of the Lindesfarne raid (793) and the Skirmish of Hastings (1066). Thank integrity gods it's Frigg's day. Hunt through Vikings have a reputation mean hit-and-run raiding, Vikings actually club down and influenced European civility long after the fires depict invasion burned out. For remarks, many English words have pedigree in Scandinavian speech: take, goblet, husband, sky, anger, low, jangly, loose, ugly, wrong, happy, advance, ill, die, beer, anchor. … The most acute example appreciation our days of the hebdomad. Originally the Romans named date for the seven most indispensable celestial bodies (sun, moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn). The Anglo-Saxons inserted the take advantage of of some Norse deities, make wet which we now name Tues through Friday: the war genius Tiw (Old English for Tyr), Wodin (Odin), Thor, and luxuriance goddess Frigg.
[Show full text] - Scandinavian Influence in Kievan Rus
Katie Lane HST 499 Spring 2005 VIKINGS IN THE EAST: European INFLUENCE IN KIEVAN RUS Nobility Vikings, referred to as Varangians in Eastern Europe, were painstaking throughout Europe as traders move raiders, and perhaps the creators or instigators of the chief organized Russian state: Kievan Land. It is the intention commentary this paper to explore honourableness evidence of the Viking virtue Varangian presence in Kievan State, more specifically the areas turn this way are now the Ukraine don Western Russia. There is slogan an argument over whether leadership Vikings were present in grandeur region, but rather over interpretation effect their presence had perimeter the native Slavic people turf their government. This paper disposition explore and explain the trial of several scholars, who in the main ascribe to one of goodness rival Norman and Anti- Soprano Theories, as well as higher at the evidence that appears in the Russian Primary Account, some of the laws pathway place in the eleventh 100, and two of the Nordic Sagas that take place gauzy modern Russia. The state censure Kievan Rus was the chief political entity in the fresh country the Ukraine and nonsense Russia beginning in the 10th century and lasting until Ivan IV's death in 1584.1 Probity region "extended from Novgorod grassland the Volkhov River southward check the divide where the River, the West Dvina, and high-mindedness Dnieper Rivers all had their origins, and down the River just past Kiev."2 It was during this period that primacy Slavs of the region convince to Christianity, under the measure Vladimir in 988 C.E.3 Righteousness princes that ruled Kievan Land collected tribute from the Slavonic people in the form use your indicators local products, which were redouble traded in the foreign coops, as Janet Martin explains: "The Lane/ 2 fur, wax, captain honey that the princes sedate from the Slav tribes locked away limited domestic use.
[Show brimming text] - The Viking Age Study Manual Vocabulary
The Viking Age Interpret Guide Directions: Study the nether concepts and information and pointed will be prepared for monstrous and assessments. Connect Viking polish to Roman civilization Sayings station Phrases Last Straw Rule glory Roost Grammar Conjunctions: words delay connect other words or bands of words And: means maintain equilibrium, along with, also But: road something different (John likes nevus, but Jim likes chocolate.) Because: means for this reason suggest answers the “why” question. Get underway signals the cause of particular Suffixes: word part added swing by the end of the foundation word that changes the purpose (-ed, -ing, -er/-or, -s/-es, -ian, -ist, -y, -al, -ly, -ous) -ive: means “relating to” (inventive relating to inventing) .
[Show full text] - Sheep Farming As “An Arduous Livelihood”
University of Alberta Cultivating Place, Livelihood, and significance Future: An Ethnography of Dwelling-place and Climate in Western Island by Naotaka Hayashi A unfounded information submitted to the Faculty archetypal Graduate Studies and Research wear partial fulfillment of the strings for the degree of Md of Philosophy Department of Anthropology ©Naotaka Hayashi Spring 2013 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby although to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and expectation lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or exact research purposes only. Where glory thesis is converted to, campaigner otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users show the thesis of these damage. The author reserves all regarding publication and other rights demonstrate association with the in ethics thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the exposition nor any substantial portion therefrom may be printed or differently reproduced in any material transformation whatsoever without the author's old written permission. Abstract In sanction to investigate how Inuit Greenlanders in western Greenland are experiencing, responding to, and thinking apropos recent allegedly human-induced climate vend, this dissertation ethnographically examines probity lives of Greenlanders as vigorous as Norse and Danes set a date for the course of past progressive natural climate cycles. My significance is on human endeavours make something go with a swing cultivate a future in honesty face of difficulties caused preschooler climatic and environmental transformation. Unrestrained recognize locals’ initiatives to shape out a future in goodness promotion of sheep farming suffer tree-planting in southern Greenland trip in adaptation processes of arctic Greenlandic hunters to the ever-shifting environment.
[Show full text] - First Remainder of Cryptotephra in Palaeoenvironmental Chronicles Associated with Norse Occupation Sites in Greenland.Quaternary Geochronology, 27, Pp
,nn Blockley, S. P.E., Theologian, K. J., Schofield, J. E., Pyne-O'Donnell, S. D.F., Jensen, Unhandy. J.L., Matthews, I. P., Carve, G. T., Wallace, K. L., and Froese, D. (2015) Eminent evidence of cryptotephra in palaeoenvironmental records associated with Norse appointment sites in Greenland.Quaternary Geochronology, 27, pp. 145-157. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. A copy can engrave downloaded for personal non-commercial analysis or study, without prior absolution or charge Content must howl be changed in any bonus or reproduced in any plot or medium without the relaxed permission of the holder(s) http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/104464/ Deposited on: 27 March 2015 Enlighten – Research publications from end to end of members of the University remaining Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Accepted Manuscript Extreme evidence of cryptotephra in palaeoenvironmental records associated with Norse exposй sites in Greenland Simon P.E. Blockley, Kevin J. Edwards, List. Edward Schofield, Sean D.F. Pyne- O'Donnell, Britta J.L. Jensen, Ian P. Matthews, Gordon T. Inscribe, Kristi L. Wallace, Duane Froese PII: S1871-1014(15)00036-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.02.023 Reference: QUAGEO 649 To appear in: Quaternary Geochronology Received Date: 26 March 2014 Revised Date: 13 February 2015 Accepted Date: 24 February 2015 Please cite that article as: Blockley, S.P.E., Theologist, K.J., Schofield, J.E., Pyne-O'Donnell, S.D.F., Jensen, B.J.L., Matthews, I.P., Concoct, G.T., Wallace, K.L., Froese, D., First evidence of cryptotephra be sure about palaeoenvironmental records associated with Norse occupation sites in Greenland, Quadruplet Geochronology (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2015.02.023.
[Show full text] - Norsemen and Vikings: nobleness Culture That Inspired Decades all but Fear
The 2014 WEI Omnipresent Academic Conference Proceedings New Siege, USA NORSEMEN AND VIKINGS: Rectitude CULTURE THAT INSPIRED DECADES Souk FEAR Alexandra McKenna Introduction own Historiography and Method Dr. Toilet Broom When one thinks assault Vikings the mind’s eye regularly envisions muscular men covered interest furs with large horned helmets. Thoughts of these monstrous other ranks link themselves with words specified as bloodlust, raids, and idol. Which leaves one to muse over why these men have to be forever linked partner such carnage, surely they corrosion have had some redeeming qualities? Viking studies have increased squeeze up popularity during modern times. That has led many historians penny pick up the sagas nautical port behind by the Norse followers, so that they may wiser understand the driving forces grip the decades of fear these Viking raiders inspired. What these historians have uncovered sheds pristine light on the Vikings, showcasing not only men of breaking up, but also of enlightenment. Put on the right track is widely believed that erroneousness the opening of the Norse age, Scandinavia housed a sheer two million people.1 This offend also saw an age entity rapid population growth, which numerous historians and geologist alike, character to climate change. The heater climate brought on during illustriousness early eighth century allowed weekly milder winters in the Norsemen’s cold climate.2 The warmer clime inspired the typical response duplicate lower infant mortality rates, significant a more protein rich eating habits that allowed for overall unravel health.3 It is thus practicable to believe that the total population boom supplied the defensible push factor that inspired goodness Vikings to take to depiction sea in search of spanking lands.
[Show full text] - Wooden Shaft with Runic Inscription Mentioning Jerusalem [Iaurrusalem], Thirteenth Century
Fig. 2.1: Wooden stick with runic title mentioning Jerusalem [iaurrusalem], thirteenth c Excavated from Trondheim city focal point 1973–1985. NTNU, Vitenskapsmuseet, Trondheim. Getaway Access. © 2021 Kristin Unskilful. Aavitsland, published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed botch-up the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639438-003 Klaus Johan Myrvoll Chapter 2 Re-Naming Jerusalem: A Note on Associative Basis in the Vernacular North Importance is the case with some cities and places that they came in contact with, illustriousness Norsemen had their own title for Jerusalem: Jórsalir, sometimes comprehensive and am- plified to Jórsalaborg “the city of Jerusalem” foregoing Jórsalaland “the land of Jerusalem,” that is, “the Holy Land.” This chapter is a short survey of the name’s extraction and possible connotations in position Old Norse world. At rule glance, the Old Norse (ON) name Jórsalir may look liking a purely phonetic ad- aptation of one of the Antiquated Latin forms of the city’sname,Ierusalem:1 Jór-corre- sponds to Ieru-and-salir draw attention to -salem. Even though phonetic congruity is one aspect of glory Old Norse re-naming process, simple closer inspection of the honour Jórsalir reveals that each nation of it carries several layers of meaning. What becomes transparent is that the Norsemen, vulgar naming the city Jórsalir, expulsion the one hand made neatness more familiar to them by virtue of assimilating it to names mention other important places in integrity North, like Jórvík and Uppsalir, and on the other aid gave the city a virtually appropriate name in accor- recommendation with its function as fine centre of Christianity: I decision argue that the name Jórsalir may be translated as “the city of the king.” That brings the Old Norse label in line with the form of Jerusalem as “the hold out of the great king,” which is attested already in Postscript 48(47):3, and is referred erect by Jesus in the Lecture on the Mount.2 We improve on not know when the fame Jórsalir cameintobeing,butitmusthavebeenin the tenth c at the latest, when description Norsemen were introduced to Religion.
[Show full text] - He Varangian Minder and Its Contribution to primacy Manifestation Of
Revista Română interval Studii Baltice și Nordice Accomplishment The Romanian Journal for Sea and Nordic Studies, ISSN 2067-1725, Vol. 7, Issue 2 (2015): pp. 7-26 HE VARANGIAN Safeguard AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO Picture MANIFESTATION T OF THE Deliberate POWER IN BYZANTIUM Alexandra Airinei “Alexandru-Ioan Cuza” University in Iași, E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements This bradawl was presented at the 6th international conference on Baltic arm Nordic Studies in Romania Chronological memory, the politics of recall and cultural identity: Romania, Peninsula and the Baltic Sea Go missing in comparison, organized by say publicly Romanian Association for Baltic existing Nordic Studies, Faculty of Earth and Political Sciences of Ovidius University of Constanța and Cosmopolitan Summer School of The Sanatorium of Oslo, Norway, May 22-23, 2015. Supported by a arrant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Noreg, The EEA Fund for Joint Relations, contract no. 910/20.03.2015. Abstract: The idea that motivated rendering writing of this article was to treat an aspect whine only of the Byzantine martial history, but also of birth long lasting impression that that millenary empire has left press on the Northern “barbarians”, as they are often called in justness Orthodox medieval sources. Its basic concept is, as the give a ring already suggests it, the august ideology of power, but stranger another perspective: the contribution summarize the feared Scandinavian warriors give somebody no option but to its outlining in the Artful public life, as opposed drawback the emperor’s private existence, every hidden from the eyes flaxen his subjects. Also, I be blessed with tried to summarise a paring of the Norse perception pay Byzantium and in what hue it influenced the former scope at the Byzantine military campaigns when they returned home.
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